What it pays
Government survey numbers — not estimates, not ads.
Half of all Economists in the U.S. earn more than $124,720 a year — the middle 80% land between $67,360 and $238,060. About 17,790 people in the U.S. do this work. Figures are for the U.S. occupation group “Economists”. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics survey, published 2025.) In India, Professionals earn about ₹38,298 a month on average — around ₹4.6 lakh a year (government PLFS survey via ILOSTAT, occupation-family figure).
$124,720typical pay / year
17,790people in this work
$238,060+top 10% earn
₹4.6 lakha year in India (family avg)
Think you get this job?Six quick questions on how it really works — with a hint and the reason behind every answer.
Test yourself →The work, task by task
These are the real jobs-to-be-done, not a wish list. Each task shows where we found it, and the prompt underneath is written for that exact task.
Analysing6
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.
+Teach the cohort the core theories, principles, and methods of health economics over four weekly 90-minute…
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.
+Teach the cohort the core theories, principles, and methods of health economics over four weekly 90-minute sessions, include learning objectives, two applied case studies on cost-effectiveness and budget impact, plus slides and a one-page reading list.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordESCOjob descriptionsO*NET
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Analyze market activity and trends
+Analyse recent market activity and trends for the diabetes devices market in North America last five years,…
Analyze market activity and trends
+Analyse recent market activity and trends for the diabetes devices market in North America last five years, clean and merge sales and reimbursement datasets, calculate market shares, growth rates and concentration ratios, then produce a two-page brief with charts and three strategic recommendations.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Power BIjob descriptionsWikipedia
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Analyse statistical data
+Analyse the trial's statistical data on healthcare utilization, run descriptive statistics, test differences…
Analyse statistical data
+Analyse the trial's statistical data on healthcare utilization, run descriptive statistics, test differences by treatment arm with appropriate regressions and clustered standard errors, validate assumptions and write a results section with tables and p-values for publication.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS StatisticsESCOjob descriptions
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Write about economic policy
+Write a 1,500-word policy memo arguing for targeted reimbursement reform to improve access to oncology drugs,…
Write about economic policy
+Write a 1,500-word policy memo arguing for targeted reimbursement reform to improve access to oncology drugs, summarise evidence on cost-effectiveness, equity implications, estimated budget impact over three years, and end with three actionable policy steps for the health ministry.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft WordESCOWikipedia
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Forecast economic trends
+Produce a three-year forecast of healthcare spending and demand under the proposed reimbursement reform,…
Forecast economic trends
+Produce a three-year forecast of healthcare spending and demand under the proposed reimbursement reform, include baseline and reform scenarios, sensitivity to demographic assumptions, and a short note on fiscal risk for the health ministry review next Tuesday.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelIBM SPSS StatisticsESCOjob descriptionsWikipedia
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Evaluate policy impacts
+Evaluate the proposed co-payment policy by estimating effects on access, total costs, and equity using recent…
Evaluate policy impacts
+Evaluate the proposed co-payment policy by estimating effects on access, total costs, and equity using recent claims data, provide policy-adjusted impact estimates with 95 percent confidence intervals and a one-page recommendation for the director by Friday afternoon.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS StatisticsMicrosoft Officejob descriptionsO*NETWikipedia
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The daily work14
Advise on product feasibility
+Assess whether the new diabetes screening device will reach break-even in three years: build a demand and…
Advise on product feasibility
+Assess whether the new diabetes screening device will reach break-even in three years: build a demand and cost model using clinic adoption rates, price sensitivity from the pilot, reagent costs, and reimbursement scenarios, then recommend go/no-go and next experiments.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelESCO
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Advise on tax policies
+Estimate health and fiscal impacts of the proposed sugary drink tax: model changes in consumption by age…
Advise on tax policies
+Estimate health and fiscal impacts of the proposed sugary drink tax: model changes in consumption by age group, translate to disease incidence and healthcare costs over ten years, project net tax revenue and distributional effects, and recommend optimal rate bands.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelESCO
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Study how societies allocate resources
+Estimate how public and private health budgets would shift if we reallocated ten percent of inpatient…
Study how societies allocate resources
+Estimate how public and private health budgets would shift if we reallocated ten percent of inpatient spending toward primary care across five representative countries, produce tables of incremental cost, DALYs averted, and budget impact over five years, and flag data gaps.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Power BIjob descriptionsWikipedia
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Study international trade and global economics
+Compare tariff changes, trade elasticity estimates, and health-sector import exposure across OECD and…
Study international trade and global economics
+Compare tariff changes, trade elasticity estimates, and health-sector import exposure across OECD and low-income countries to quantify how shifts in international trade alter pharmaceutical prices and access, summarise methods and key assumptions for peer review.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS StatisticsMicrosoft Wordjob descriptionsWikipedia
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Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture.
+Produce a sectoral analysis of labour-market, finance, and agricultural shocks on health spending: calculate…
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture.
+Produce a sectoral analysis of labour-market, finance, and agricultural shocks on health spending: calculate elasticities of health expenditure to GDP and sector income using the last ten years of national accounts, then produce summary tables and policy implications.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft SQL ServerMicrosoft ExcelO*NET
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Review documents written by others.
+Critically read the submitted draft report on hospital efficiency, mark factual errors in the methods and…
Review documents written by others.
+Critically read the submitted draft report on hospital efficiency, mark factual errors in the methods and data sources, suggest rewritten paragraphs that clarify the cost function and explain the choice of control variables, and prepare a one-page feedback for the author.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft WordO*NET
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Supervise research projects and students' study projects.
+Set up weekly supervisory meetings for the cluster trial, allocate tasks and deadlines to the PhD student and…
Supervise research projects and students' study projects.
+Set up weekly supervisory meetings for the cluster trial, allocate tasks and deadlines to the PhD student and research assistant, review interim analysis code and data cleaning notes, and record action items and timelines for the funder report due in six weeks.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft ExcelO*NET
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Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.
+Draft an expert report quantifying lost earnings and healthcare costs from the workplace outbreak, state the…
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.
+Draft an expert report quantifying lost earnings and healthcare costs from the workplace outbreak, state the counterfactual assumptions, attach tables of methodology and regression output, and prepare a two‑page summary suitable for the court and opposing counsel.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft WordIBM SPSS StatisticsO*NET
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Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources.
+Forecast national production and household consumption of renewable resources and project supply,…
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources.
+Forecast national production and household consumption of renewable resources and project supply, consumption, and depletion timelines for coal and oil across five scenarios, using historical time series to calibrate parameters and deliver a one‑page executive summary and model outputs by next Wednesday.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft ExcelO*NET
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Collect financial and socioeconomic data
+Compile and clean financial, demographic, and socioeconomic datasets for the past ten years across provinces,…
Collect financial and socioeconomic data
+Compile and clean financial, demographic, and socioeconomic datasets for the past ten years across provinces, merge budget lines with household survey income and health expenditure, flag missing values and produce a tidy dataset and data dictionary by Friday noon.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Exceljob descriptions
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Communicate findings via reports and presentations
+Prepare a 12‑slide presentation and a 6‑page written report that explain methods, key statistical results,…
Communicate findings via reports and presentations
+Prepare a 12‑slide presentation and a 6‑page written report that explain methods, key statistical results, and policy implications from the cost‑effectiveness analysis, include charts with confidence intervals and an appendix of model assumptions, ready for Monday afternoon’s stakeholder meeting.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft Wordjob descriptions
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Participate in think tanks and publish research
+Draft and submit a working paper for the think tank: state research question, methods, results from…
Participate in think tanks and publish research
+Draft and submit a working paper for the think tank: state research question, methods, results from regression and sensitivity checks, and policy recommendations; circulate the draft to Dr. Ahmed and Lina for comments and target journal submission within six weeks.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft Wordjob descriptions
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Conduct financial statement analysis
+Analyse the last five years of financial statements for three public hospitals, calculate liquidity,…
Conduct financial statement analysis
+Analyse the last five years of financial statements for three public hospitals, calculate liquidity, profitability and solvency ratios, identify one operational cost driver per hospital, and produce a one‑page memo with recommended efficiency levers by Thursday close of business.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS StatisticsMicrosoft ExcelWikipedia
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Study trends
+Examine trends in service utilization and unit costs over the past decade, decompose drivers using…
Study trends
+Examine trends in service utilization and unit costs over the past decade, decompose drivers using time‑series and cohort analyses, produce normalized charts with trend lines and a short briefing note highlighting three actionable trend risks by next Tuesday.
The tools that do the workMicrosoft Power BIESCO
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Built on public evidence: O*NET®, ESCO, Wikipedia, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ILOSTAT. All sources & licenses