| noun | a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) “the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence” |
| noun | a violent disturbance “the convulsions of the stock market” |
| noun | (geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building) |
| noun | disturbance usually in protest |
| turbulent | adjective | characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination |
| upheave | verb | lift forcefully from beneath |
| uplift | verb | lift up from the earth, as by geologic forces |