| verb | make a subtraction “subtract this amount from my paycheck” |
| verb | retain and refrain from disbursing; of payments “My employer is withholding taxes” |
| verb | reason by deduction; establish by deduction |
| subtractive | adjective | constituting or involving subtraction |
| subtraction | noun | an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated |
| deduction | noun | the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole) |
| withholder | noun | a person who refrains from granting |
| withholding | noun | income tax withheld from employees' wages and paid directly to the government by the employer |
| deductible | adjective | acceptable as a deduction (especially as a tax deduction) |
| deductive | adjective | involving inferences from general principles |
| inference | noun | the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation |
| derivation | noun | a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions |