What it pays
Government survey numbers — not estimates, not ads.
Half of all Biological Scientists, All Other in the U.S. earn more than $98,920 a year — the middle 80% land between $60,430 and $168,010. About 55,850 people in the U.S. do this work. Figures are for the U.S. occupation group “Biological Scientists, All Other”. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics survey, published 2025.) In India, Professionals earn about ₹38,298 a month on average — around ₹4.6 lakh a year (government PLFS survey via ILOSTAT, occupation-family figure).
$98,920typical pay / year
55,850people in this work
$168,010+top 10% earn
₹4.6 lakha year in India (family avg)
Think you get this job?Six quick questions on how it really works — with a hint and the reason behind every answer.
Test yourself →The work, task by task
These are the real jobs-to-be-done, not a wish list. Each task shows where we found it, and the prompt underneath is written for that exact task.
Learning3
Collect DNA samples
+Collect fin clips from 50 juvenile Atlantic salmon at Cage 3 this morning, label tubes with fish ID and GPS…
Collect DNA samples
+Collect fin clips from 50 juvenile Atlantic salmon at Cage 3 this morning, label tubes with fish ID and GPS point, record tank salinity and temperature, store samples on ice, and upload the sample metadata to the central sequence repository before 5pm so lab can extract DNA tomorrow.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCOjob descriptions
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Develop and test hypotheses
+Formulate whether temperature changes explain the spike in mortality last week: pull the last six weeks of…
Develop and test hypotheses
+Formulate whether temperature changes explain the spike in mortality last week: pull the last six weeks of temp, oxygen and feed logs for Cage 2, run correlation tests and a simple regression, draft two alternative hypotheses with predicted observations, and save analysis and results to the project records for review on Friday.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCOjob descriptions
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Collaborate with other scientists
+Prepare the dataset and notes from the larval growth trial, invite Dr. Singh and Marisol to a data review…
Collaborate with other scientists
+Prepare the dataset and notes from the larval growth trial, invite Dr. Singh and Marisol to a data review meeting Tuesday, share the cleaned tables and annotated plots from the last fortnight, and create a shared project entry so collaborators can comment and pull sequence-linked records.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCOjob descriptions
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Analysing1
Gather and analyse biological data
+Compile water quality, growth rate, and feed conversion data from Pond A and B for May, clean the records,…
Gather and analyse biological data
+Compile water quality, growth rate, and feed conversion data from Pond A and B for May, clean the records, run basic summary statistics and plots to compare performance, then write a one-page findings summary and attach the cleaned dataset to the project database by end of day.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCOjob descriptions
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The daily work17
Report on their findings
+Write a concise operational report of this week’s tank survey: list water chemistry readings by tank, note…
Report on their findings
+Write a concise operational report of this week’s tank survey: list water chemistry readings by tank, note mortalities with suspected causes, attach sequence QC summaries and the CSV of raw counts, and flag anything needing veterinarian review by Friday noon.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCO
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Discover data patterns
+Run an exploratory search for recurring anomalies across last six weeks of sensor and sequence data, describe…
Discover data patterns
+Run an exploratory search for recurring anomalies across last six weeks of sensor and sequence data, describe any spatial or temporal clusters, quantify how often they recur, and recommend two follow-up samples to confirm the pattern.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesESCO
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Perform data analysis
+Analyze the latest batch: calculate relative abundance changes per species between this and last sampling,…
Perform data analysis
+Analyze the latest batch: calculate relative abundance changes per species between this and last sampling, run diversity indices, produce a short methods note on filters and thresholds used, and export the tables as CSV for the research team.
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Use databases
+Query the archive for the past three months of tank records, return matched sequence runs and sensor logs for…
Use databases
+Query the archive for the past three months of tank records, return matched sequence runs and sensor logs for each tank, normalize column names, and produce one joined dataset ready for downstream analysis.
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Write reports and scholarly papers
+Draft the methods, results and discussion for a 3,000-word paper on last summer's growth trial with…
Write reports and scholarly papers
+Draft the methods, results and discussion for a 3,000-word paper on last summer's growth trial with hatchery-reared tilapia, include data tables of length-weight, survival, feed conversion, and a clear materials-and-methods so peers can reproduce it by next Monday.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Perform field research in natural habitats
+Plan and record a four-day field survey of the estuary for wild fry abundance, list transect GPS, tide…
Perform field research in natural habitats
+Plan and record a four-day field survey of the estuary for wild fry abundance, list transect GPS, tide windows, gear used, sample counts per site and a packed kit checklist so the team can deploy on Thursday at dawn.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Track and monitor animal behavior
+Compile the last six weeks of telemetry and remote camera logs to produce a daily activity summary of…
Track and monitor animal behavior
+Compile the last six weeks of telemetry and remote camera logs to produce a daily activity summary of broodstock movements, flag any nocturnal feeding spikes, and prepare a one-page brief for the farm manager by Friday.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Dissect carcasses and specimens
+Write a specimen processing report that lists each dissected carcass, gross pathology findings, tissue…
Dissect carcasses and specimens
+Write a specimen processing report that lists each dissected carcass, gross pathology findings, tissue samples taken, preservation method, chain-of-custody, and photos indexed to specimen IDs for the veterinary lab tomorrow morning.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Assess soil, water, and environmental samples
+Run the water and sediment test schedule for the breeding pond, record pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen,…
Assess soil, water, and environmental samples
+Run the water and sediment test schedule for the breeding pond, record pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and heavy metal results, compare to baseline thresholds, and send a corrective action recommendation if any value is out of range today.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Design and carry out breeding studies
+Design the six-month selective-breeding trial: define crossing matrix, pedigree recording method, target…
Design and carry out breeding studies
+Design the six-month selective-breeding trial: define crossing matrix, pedigree recording method, target traits, sampling schedule, and statistical power for growth and disease resistance so breeding starts next spawning season.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Study disease progression in tissues
+Analyze the tissue sample sequence data and generate a time-series report showing pathogen load per organ,…
Study disease progression in tissues
+Analyze the tissue sample sequence data and generate a time-series report showing pathogen load per organ, flagging any samples that shift from asymptomatic to necrotic within seven days and attach the cleaned datasets and methods summary.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Research effects of drugs and chemicals
+Compile drug exposure records and experimental concentrations, run comparative outcome queries to find…
Research effects of drugs and chemicals
+Compile drug exposure records and experimental concentrations, run comparative outcome queries to find dose–response patterns across species, then produce a ranked list of chemicals with notes on observed mortalities and sublethal effects.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Develop new crop varieties
+Cross-reference genotype markers and trait performance in growth trials, identify candidate variants…
Develop new crop varieties
+Cross-reference genotype markers and trait performance in growth trials, identify candidate variants correlated with salinity tolerance, and export the candidate list with allele frequencies and protocol for validation crosses.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Monitor pollution and radioactivity levels
+Aggregate sensor logs and sample assays for heavy metals and radionuclides, plot trends by monitoring…
Monitor pollution and radioactivity levels
+Aggregate sensor logs and sample assays for heavy metals and radionuclides, plot trends by monitoring station, flag readings above regulatory limits, and attach chain-of-custody records for any exceedances.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Present findings at conferences
+Draft a conference poster package summarising methods, key graphs from gene expression and survival analyses,…
Present findings at conferences
+Draft a conference poster package summarising methods, key graphs from gene expression and survival analyses, three takeaway bullets for managers, and a one-page speaker note with anticipated questions and answers.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Evaluate environmental impact on organisms
+Merge environmental parameter logs with organism health metrics, run correlation and regression tests to…
Evaluate environmental impact on organisms
+Merge environmental parameter logs with organism health metrics, run correlation and regression tests to identify stressors linked to reduced fitness, and produce an impact statement with recommended monitoring actions.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesjob descriptions
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Bioinformatics databases
+Enter the weekly sequencing and sample metadata into the bioinformatics databases, linking tank IDs, feed…
Bioinformatics databases
+Enter the weekly sequencing and sample metadata into the bioinformatics databases, linking tank IDs, feed rates, temperature logs, and sequencing files so the hatchery supervisor can review genetic health before Friday culling.
The tools that do the workbioinformatics databasesO*NET
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Built on public evidence: O*NET®, ESCO, Wikipedia, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ILOSTAT. All sources & licenses
Built on public evidence: O*NET®, ESCO, Wikipedia, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ILOSTAT. All sources & licenses